Clumping bamboo is non-invasive because the rhizomes grow predictably and can easily by trimmed back if needed. Clumping bamboo maintains a central clump and slowly spreads away from the center no more than a couple inches to a foot from the previous year's growth.
Running bamboo is invasive and should only be planted within a deep rhizome barrier to contain the unpredictable growth habit of the rhizomes. Planting running bamboo without a barrier will allow it to spread underground many feet away in all directions before sending up new culms.
Appearance of clumping bamboo with no containment needed. These bamboo rhizomes spread, closely and predictably each season, from the center of the planting.
Appearance of a running bamboo grove contained with a 30-inch deep bamboo rhizome barrier. Without containment, the running bamboo rhizomes would have spread underground unpredictably, many feet away from this planting, in every direction.
The culms (aka canes or stalks) on a clumping bamboo are perfectly round, whereas the culms on running bamboo have one flat / grooved side.
When the new shoots (culms) of clumping bamboo grow, they will grow all the way up to their height before growing branches. On the other hand, the new shoots (culms) of running bamboo will grow taller at the same time as growing branches out along the way.
As mentioned and shown in the images above, clumping bamboo grows predictably from a central spot where it was planted, making it appear as a "clump". Running bamboo grows unpredictably in all directions from the original planting, making it appear more like a grove or forest.
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